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UnixWare 7 System Handbook
About this book
How this book is organized
Related documentation
Typographical conventions
How can we improve this book?
Administering systems
Understanding the basics
What is system administration?
What to read if you are new
Keeping a system log
The root account and system owner
The keyboard
Running programs simultaneously with multiscreen displays
System security
Administration interfaces
Desktop graphical user interface
The command line (shell) interface
The kernel
Booting the system
System tuning
Managing users and groups
Backing up and restoring files
Configuring hardware
Adding and removing software applications
Educating users
Planning your site
User resource considerations
Network considerations
Hardware considerations
Summary of system administration tasks
Introduction to using the system
What do I need to know?
Logging in
Using the CDE desktop
Customizing your work environment
Using SCOhelp
Logging out
Using Netscape
Reading and sending email
Using the calendar
Running programs and entering commands
Opening a terminal window
Killing hung processes
Resetting a scrambled terminal
Working with files and directories
Printing files
Editing files
Using disks, diskettes, CD-ROM and tapes
Communicating with other systems
Administering your system with SCOadmin
Starting SCOadmin from the command line
Refreshing data in the display
Using point help
Using the toolbar
Customizing the toolbar
Using SCOadmin in character mode
Navigating the character screen
Using character buttons
Administering other systems with SCOadmin
Remote capabilities
Enabling remote manager capabilities
Distributed capabilities
Selecting another host to manage
Managing host groups
Configuring a host group
Performing a host group operation
Reading or writing a host group file
Using the SCOadmin Setup Wizard
Increasing SCOadmin security in a networked environment
Troubleshooting SCOadmin
SCOadmin will not start
Recovering from remote administration problems
Recovering from SCOadmin failures in character mode
SCOadmin error trace
The SCOadmin event log
Understanding the SCOadmin event log
Using the SCOadmin event log
Installing, managing, and removing software
Software management terminology and concepts
Add-on package terminology
Package instances
Installation target directories
The installation software database
Methods of installation
Network installation and install servers
Using the Application Installer
Modifying the Application Installer view
Installing software
Installing software (Application Installer)
UNIX compatibility
Copying application icons to folders
Installing software (pkgadd)
Customizing interactive pkgadd installation
Installing a package or set in non-interactive mode (pkgadd)
Installing multiple packages non-interactively
Installing software from a remote machine (pkginstall)
Installing software from a remote machine (NFS)
Spooling packages without installing them (pkgadd)
Checking the accuracy of a spooled package (pkgchk -d)
Displaying information about spooled packages (pkginfo -d)
Removing a spooled package
Installing applications not designed for UnixWare
Managing software
Viewing installed applications (Application Installer)
Viewing properties of installed applications (Application Installer)
Displaying information about installed packages or sets (pkginfo, pkgparam)
Displaying set installation packages (SIPs)
Customizing the format and contents of the pkginfo display
Showing the value of a parameter (pkgparam)
Checking installation accuracy (pkgchk)
Checking against the pkgmap file (pkgchk -m)
Correcting differences while checking accuracy (pkgchk -n -f)
Removing software
Removing packages and sets (Application Installer)
Removing packages and sets (pkgrm)
Removing a package or set with an alternative admin file
Setting up and administering an install server
Before setting up an install server
Enabling and disabling an install server
Staging products and packages on an install server
Unstaging products or packages from an install server
Modifying default installation parameters
Creating an admin file
Example admin file
Creating a response file (pkgask)
Starting and stopping the system
Understanding the boot process
Boot scenarios
Where the boot programs reside
The boot slice
Operations on the boot slice
The stand slice
Starting (rebooting) your system
Stopping your system
Stopping your system using SCOadmin
Using the shutdown command
Using the haltsys and reboot commands
Logging in as root
Building on boot
Forcing confirmation before build on boot
Installing a new kernel
Initiating an interactive boot session
Bootable partition administration
Create new partitions during installation
Creating a new boot partition
Changing the active boot partition
Troubleshooting
Fixing a frozen cursor during login
What to do if the system does not boot
Administering user accounts
The Account Manager interface
Adding, copying and modifying user accounts
Adding users on the command-line with useradd(1M)
Deleting a user account
Removing selected account information
Reactivating a deactivated user account
Limiting reuse of UIDs
Setting and changing user and group IDs (UID/GID)
Changing ownership of files with an obsolete UID/GID
Changing user login groups
Changing a user's group membership
Changing a user's locale
Setting remote access for a user
About user equivalence
Changing user login shells
Login shells
Restricted shells
Changing user home directories
Adding and modifying default environment files
Managing groups
About groups
Adding or modifying a group
Removing a group
Setting the group ID for file creation in a directory
Changing the limit on simultaneous group membership
Managing passwords
Setting or changing a user password
Controlling password expiration
Changing password expiration defaults
Controlling password selection
About password restrictions
Allowing accounts without passwords
Disallowing password changes
Setting password length
Setting passwords for dial-in lines
Setting login restrictions
Setting login restrictions on accounts
Controlling account expiration
Locking inactive accounts
Creating a temporary account
Locking or unlocking a user account
Assigning user powers
Assigning authorizations
Allowing users to execute superuser commands
Accessing other accounts with su(1M)
Logging su(1M) usage
Changing the system security profile
Security profiles
Understanding account database files
Editing the /etc/passwd file
Configuring the shadow password file
Copying user accounts between SCO OpenServer and UnixWare systems
Troubleshooting the Account Manager
Illegal value for a user or group attribute
Remote administration problem
Missing files
Performing basic system monitoring and tuning
Using the System Information Manager
Using the Login Session Viewer or the who command
Using the System Time Manager
Using the System Monitor
Managing log data
Setting System Monitor alarms
Setting System Monitor options
Customizing System Monitor colors
Setting colors using the sysmonitor file
Setting colors using the .sys_mon file
Using the System Tuner
Using the System Defaults Manager
Checking and clearing system log files
Using the System Logs Manager
Clearing system log files from the command line
Clearing log files automatically
Using the Reports Manager
Reporting password status
Reporting user login activity
Making list selections
Enabling or disabling system accounting
Viewing system accounting reports
Checking file security
Communicating with users
Message of the day
The wall command
Changing the maximum allowed file size (ulimit)
Considerations for large files
Managing swap space
Determining swap usage
Changing swap space size
Adding swap space
Reducing swap space
Managing processors and processes
Licensing multiple processors
Using the Processor Manager
Displaying processor information (psrinfo)
Taking processors on/off-line (psradm)
Binding processes to processors (pbind)
Placing processors in an exclusive binding mode (pexbind)
Administering filesystems
The Filesystem Manager interface
Authorization
About filesystems
Filesystem types
Adding and removing mount configuration
Modifying filesystem mount configuration
vxfs advanced mount options
Understanding sync-on-close
Understanding intent logging
NFS advanced mount options
cdfs advanced mount options
Mapping CD-ROM files to system entities
Option Persistence
Applying CDFS Advanced Mount Options
Mounting and unmounting filesystems
About mounting and unmounting NFS filesystems
Understanding share access permissions
About mounting DOS filesystems
DOS filesystems and access permissions
DOS filesystem limitations
Using marry to create filesystem images on files
Adding or modifying share configuration
Setting anonymous NFS access permissions
Removing share configuration
Sharing and unsharing filesystems
Checking and repairing filesystems
How UNIX systems maintain files and filesystems
Maintaining free space in filesystems
Displaying filesystem and directory usage statistics
Locating files
Finding temporary files
Executing commands based on find output
Monitoring files and directories that grow
Deleting /tmp directories
Adding disk space and restructuring filesystems
Troubleshooting the Filesystem Manager
Remote administration problem
Missing or corrupted database files
Managing the print service
The Printer Setup Manager interface
Adding, modifying, or copying a local printer
Adding, modifying, or copying a network printer
Setting up a dial-up printer
If the connection is busy
Deleting local or remote printers
Assigning a default printer
Assigning a class as default printer
Setting a default printer for a user
Managing the print service
Enabling and disabling printers
Accepting or rejecting print jobs
Starting and stopping the print service
About printer device connections
About serial communication settings
Controlling access to printers
Setting access for remote systems
Setting access for local users
Allowing users to enable and disable a printer
About printer classes
Grouping printers into a class
Troubleshooting the Printer Setup Manager
Remote administration problem
Missing or corrupted database files
Execution problems
Printing to Hewlett-Packard Printers
Troubleshooting the print system
lpsched print scheduler is not running
Printer does not print
Cannot redirect output to printer
Port does not respond
Printer output is illegible
Printer output spacing is wrong
Printer reports BNU (UUCP) errors
A print request is canceled by the print service
A print request that will not cancel
No output and no notification from the lp command
Printer stops working after printing 2 or 3 pages
Wrong character set or font
The printer is idle
The lpstat -o command hangs
Networking problems
Jobs backed up in the client queue
Jobs backed up in the server queue
Conflicting messages about the acceptance of jobs
Managing print jobs
The Print Job Manager interface
Selecting and deselecting multiple jobs
Viewing jobs in the print queue
Deleting print jobs
Holding and resuming print jobs
Transferring a job to another printer
Moving jobs to the top of the queue
Setting print queue priorities
Setting the priority level for a print job
Setting individual and default priority limits
Setting the default priority level
Specifying the locale
The International Settings Manager interface
Setting locales
Setting the system locale
About locales
Regular expressions and locales
How mail translates between locales
Setting the system keyboard
Selecting codesets
Setting the console codeset
Translating files between different codesets
Changing the system time zone
Troubleshooting system-level problems
Other troubleshooting documentation
Preparing to recover from problems
Recovering from a system panic
Hardware panic
Software panic
Recovering from a system hang
Hardware hang
Software hang
Forcing a panic on your system
Checking error messages
Checking system files with error histories
Automatic reboot
Saving the system dump memory image
Saving a system dump while in multi-user state
Examining a memory dump with crash(1M)
Studying a panic
Additional help from your provider
Solving boot problems
<Ctrl><Alt><Del> does not reboot the system
System hangs during reboot
System with multiple operating systems does not boot UnixWare
System panics during reboot
System hangs repeatedly
Resource Manager database corrupted
Controller problems
I/O address, memory address, or interrupt conflicts
Incorrect IRQ value
Unknown traps or spurious interrupts
Kernel build fails
Mouse does not work
Administrative commands fail consistently
Creating and using emergency recovery media
Keys to recovering your system
Creating emergency recovery boot media
Creating emergency recovery tapes
Handling tape error messages
After creating emergency recovery tapes
Emergency recovery with an encapsulated or mirrored root disk
Creating the Emergency Recovery boot media and tapes
Bringing the system back after emergency media is created
Performing recovery when the primary and mirrored root disks fail
Recovering an unusable system
Hardware configuration overview
Accessing the SCO Compatible Hardware Web Pages
Supported architecture
General compatibility issues
Using configuration interfaces
Rebuilding your system
Troubleshooting hardware problems
Hardware and operating system differences
Identifying the problem
Before calling for help
A description of the problem
System configuration
Configuring Plug and Play devices
The PnP Configuration Manager interface
Physically adding a PnP adapter
Selecting a adapter and device to configure
Modifying resource allocation for a device
Enabling BIOS resource allocation
Disabling a device
Resolving configuration conflicts
Applying and deferring hardware configuration
Troubleshooting adapter configuration
Terminology and concepts
Plug and Play Glossary
Plug and Play files and utilities
Mass storage devices overview
What is the Storage Device Interface (SDI)?
What are target drivers?
What are HBA drivers?
Physical devices
Device drivers, special files and the device database
Mass storage device names
Hard disks
Tape drives
Retensioning and rewinding
CD-ROM drives
WORM drives
Medium changers
Managing mass storage devices and media
Suggestions for managing storage devices
Displaying information about devices
Displaying information about media
Formatting hard disks
Checking a corrupt filesystem
Managing multipath I/O environments
Managing ghost names in multipath I/O environments
Adding or removing hardware controllers
Creating disk partitions and slices
Hard disk partitioning
Defining slices
Adding hard disks
Adding tape drives
Hot adding or removing SCSI storage devices
Hot-plugable controllers
Removing old disk addresses after moving a disk
Expanding swap space
Copying data on mass storage media
Copying files from hard disk to hard disk
Copying directory contents from hard disk to tape
Copying files from tape to hard disk
Configuring video adapters
The Video Configuration Manager interface
Understanding video configuration
About function keys and video configuration
Understanding resolutions
Searching for adapters
Understanding multi-monitor configuration
Modifying monitors, resolutions, and function keys
Changing the configured video monitor
Changing a configured resolution
Adding a resolution
Assigning function keys
Assigning specific function keys
Testing a video adapter configuration
Adding a new video adapter
Upgrading video adapter support
Upgrading SCO UnixWare 2.X video adapter support
Upgrading SCO OpenServer Release 5 video adapter support
Removing a video configuration
Configuring unsupported adapters
Troubleshooting video configuration
Configuring audio adapters
The Audio Configuration Manager interface
About the audio subsystem
Adding and modifying audio configurations
Removing adapters
Common audio subsystem tasks
Playing sound files
Recording sound samples
Playing audio CDs from your CD-ROM drive
Configuring Netscape Navigator to play sound files
Troubleshooting audio configuration
Audio device entries in the Resource Manager database
Compatibility with earlier audio drivers
Errors after initial sound reproduction
Configuring serial ports
Flow control
Speed considerations
Asynchronous data communications
UARTs
Serial device node naming conventions
The ttydefs file
The Serial Manager
Viewing serial boards
Viewing configured serial ports
Configuring a serial port
Adding and configuring modems
Supported modems
Installing a modem
Choosing which serial port to use
Connecting a modem to your computer
The Modem Manager
Configuring modems
Detecting a modem automatically
Adding a modem manually
Modifying the configuration of a modem
Removing a modem
Modem settings
Guidelines for uncertified modems
Configuring a modem without using the Modem Manager
Changing modem settings from the command line
Installing modem configuration files
Configuring UUCP for modems
atdialer
Using /etc/uucp/Dialers
Dialers file entries
Configuring a PCMCIA modem
Testing your modem connection
Testing whether you can dial out
Testing whether you can dial in
Troubleshooting modems
Problems dialing out
Modem dials, but does not connect
NO DEVICES AVAILABLE message
Modem answers, but terminal displays garbage
DEVICE LOCKED message
Modem does not hang up
Double echo
Problems dialing in
Modem does not answer the phone
Modem answers, but hangs up
Garbage or loose cable
Modem answers, but no login prompt is displayed
Screen displays a series of login prompts
System displays meaningless characters
Configuring outgoing PPP connections
The PPP Outgoing Connection Wizard interface
Defining an outgoing PPP link
Configuring a service provider
Configuring PPP authentication
Configuring a login script
Configuring network protocol parameters
Configuring name service
Device Selection
Index