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cc [flag . . .] file -locurses [library . . .]#include <ocurses.h>
int refresh(void); int wrefresh(WINDOW win); int wnoutrefresh(WINDOW win); int doupdate(void); int redrawwin(WINDOW win); int wredrawln(WINDOW win, int beg_line, int num_lines);
The wnoutrefresh and doupdate routines allow multiple updates with more efficiency than wrefresh alone. In addition to all the window structures, curses keeps two data structures representing the terminal screen: a physical screen, describing what is actually on the screen, and a virtual screen, describing what the programmer wants to have on the screen.
The routine wrefresh works by first calling wnoutrefresh, which copies the named window to the virtual screen, and then calling doupdate, which compares the virtual screen to the physical screen and does the actual update. If the programmer wishes to output several windows at once, a series of calls to wrefresh results in alternating calls to wnoutrefresh and doupdate, causing several bursts of output to the screen. By first calling wnoutrefresh for each window, it is then possible to call doupdate once, resulting in only one burst of output, with fewer total characters transmitted and less CPU time used. If the win argument to wrefresh is the global variable curscr, the screen is immediately cleared and repainted from scratch.
The redrawwin routine indicates to curses that some screen lines are corrupted and should be thrown away before anything is written over them. These routines could be used for programs such as editors, which want a command to redraw some part of the screen or the entire screen. The routine redrawln is preferred over redrawwin where a noisy communication line exists and redrawing the entire window could be subject to even more communication noise. Just redrawing several lines offers the possibility that they would show up unblemished.
Note that refresh and redrawwin may be macros.