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In the first field of the ls -l
output,
the first character indicates the type of file:
The next nine characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits each.
Within each set, the three characters show, respectively, permission
For a directory, ``execute'' permission is interpreted to mean permission to search the directory for a specified file.
One additional character may appear at the end of the permission bit characters. A plus sign ( +) is displayed to show that additional access permissions, beyond those shown by the three sets of three bits, have been granted or denied through the ACL mechanism. ACLs and their relation to permission bits are discussed in ``Discretionary access control (DAC): access control lists''.
The permissions are displayed by ls as follows:
File access permissions
Symbol | Meaning |
---|---|
r | directory is readable |
w | directory is writable |
x | directory is serachable |
t | file removal from a writable directory is limited to the owner of the directory or file unless the file is writable |
Directory access permissions
For more information, refer to ls(1), getacl(1), chmod(1), setacl(1), and ``Discretionary access control (DAC): access control lists''.