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The built-in function system(command-line) executes the command command-line, which may be a string computed by, for example, the built-in function sprintf. The value returned by system is the return status of the command executed.
For example, the program
$1 == "#include" { gsub(/[<>"]/, "", $2);
system("cat " $2) }
calls the command
cat
to print the file named in the second field
of every input record whose first field is
#include,
after stripping any
<,
>,
or
"
that might be present.