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The internals of the streambuf class in the stream library were all public. Any program that relies on these internals will break because they are different (and private) in the iostream library.
How to derive new streambuf classes was not documented in the stream library. But it is such a natural idea to do so that many programs do it. Converting these programs to the iostream library may require changes in the derived overflow() and underflow() functions. The functionality of these functions in the iostream library is essentially the same as in the stream library. But because the internals of streambuf have changed, some code changes will probably be required. In particular the code will have to use the (protected) streambuf member functions setb(), setg(), and setp() instead of directly manipulating the pointers.