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The filesystem check (fsck) utility is an interactive filesystem check and repair program. fsck uses the information contained in the filesystem to perform consistency checks. If an inconsistency is detected, a message describing the inconsistency is displayed. At that point you must decide whether to have fsck ignore the inconsistency or attempt to fix it. You might choose to have fsck ignore an inconsistency when you think the problem is so severe that you want to fix it yourself or you plan to go back to an earlier version of the filesystem. Whatever your decision, do not ignore the inconsistencies reported by fsck. Filesystem inconsistencies do not repair themselves. If they are ignored, they get worse.
With the exception of the root filesystem, a filesystem should be unmounted while it is being checked.